BuiltWithNOF
Lacnunga

Supplementary Bibliography for the Lacnunga and Anglo-Saxon Medicine and Magic

Author: Edward Pettit

Last updated: 19 August 2007

The following list supplements the references in my published edition of the Anglo-Saxon medical collection known as the Lacnunga ('Remedies'):

Pettit, E. (2001), ed. & trans., Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms, and Prayers from British Library MS 585: The 'Lacnunga', 2 vols., Mellen Critical Editions and Translations 6a and 6b (Lewiston, Queenston and Lampeter)

I update this list as items come to my attention, and as time allows, but cannot hope to catch everything. It includes writings of direct relevance to the Lacnunga and those of more general interest to students of early English medicine and related folklore.

Readers interested in plant-names should consult the list compiled by the Anglo-Saxon Plant-Name Survey:

http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/SESLL/EngLang/ihsl/projects/plants.htm.

I welcome suggestions for additions and corrections, especially as I have not seen all the works listed. Please e-mail them to me at yggdrasill AT yggdrasill . plus . com (close up spaces and replace AT with @).

NB. For works with more than one place of publication, only the first is given.

Acker, P. (1998), Revising Oral Theory: Formulaic Composition in Old English and Old Icelandic Verse (New York)

    [p. 8 on the collocation habban and healdan in Metrical Charm 9: 'By echoing the language of law, the metrical charm aims not just at recovering the stolen property but also at regaining full, legal, inalienable possession of it.']

Aldhouse-Green, M. & S. Aldhouse-Green (2005), The Quest for the Shaman: Shape-shifters, Sorcerers and Spirit-Healers of Ancient Europe (London)

Anderson, T. (2004), 'The Treatment of the Feet in Anglo-Saxon England', The Foot 14, pp. 38-41

Anderson, T. (2004), 'The Treatment of the Feet in Medieval England', The Foot 14, pp. 61-7

Anderson, T. (2004), 'Medieval Pedal Infections', The Foot 14, pp. 77-79

Anderson, T. (2004), 'Dental Treatment in Anglo-Saxon England', British Dental Journal 197, pp. 273-4

Anderson, T. (2004), 'Dental Treatment in Medieval England', British Dental Journal 197, pp. 419-425

Arsdall, A. van (2002), Medieval Herbal Remedies: The 'Old English Herbarium' and Anglo-Saxon Medicine (New York)

    [Includes a translation of the Old English Herbarium, a biography of the Rev. T.O. Cockayne, and an assessment of his work]

Banham, D. (2004), Food and Drink in Anglo-Saxon England (Stroud, Gloucestershire)

Banham, D. (2006), 'A Millennium in Medicine: New Medical Texts and Ideas in England in the Eleventh Century', in Anglo-Saxons: Studies Presented to Cyril Roy Hart, ed. S. Keynes & A.P. Smyth (Dublin), pp. 230-42

Bates, B. (1996), The Wisdom of the Wyrd (London)

Bates, B. (2002), The Real Middle-Earth: Magic and Mystery in the the Dark Ages (Basingstoke)

Battles, P. (2005), 'Dwarfs in Germanic Literature: Deutsche Mythologie or Grimm's Myths?', in The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous, ed. T. Shippey (Turnhout, 2005), pp. 29-82

Becker, A. (2003), 'Franks Casket Revisited', Asterisk: A Quarterly Journal of Historical English Studies 12, pp. 84-128

Becker, A., 'Franks Casket', http://www.franks-casket.de/

[Argues that herh os means 'some os of the grove, a deity of the grove' ... 'the goddess of the grove' (cf. vol. 2, p. 252 of my edition of Lacnunga, on the 'gods' (genitive plural esa) of Wið færstice)]

Bickerstaffe, B. (2006), 'A Brief Look at Healing and Medicine in the Anglo-Saxon Period', Wiþowinde: Journal of the English Companions 139, pp. 28-34

Biggam, C.P. (2003) ed., From Earth to Art: The Many Aspects of the Plant-World in Anglo-Saxon England (Amsterdam)

Biller, P. & J. Ziegler (2001) eds, Religion and Medicine in the Middle Ages (Woodbridge)

Black, R. (2005) ed., The Gaelic Otherworld: John Gregorson Campbell's 'Superstitions of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland' and 'Witchcraft and Second Sight in the Highlands and Islands' (Edinburgh)

    [Chapter 14 on 'White Witchcraft' gives many Scottish charms, including versions of the 'St. Peter's Toothache Charm' and the 'Second Merseburg Charm']

Blain, J. (2002), Nine Worlds of Seid-Magic: Ecstasy and Neo-Shamanism in North European Paganism (London )

Blair, J. (2005), The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society (Oxford)

    [See Index under 'magic and charms' and 'cult, paganism'; includes thoughts on Æcerbot charm]

Bozóky, E. (1998), 'Saints, Legends, and Charms', in Telling Tales: Medieval Narratives and the Folk Tradition, ed. F. Canadé Sautman, D. Conchado & G.C. di Scipio (Basingstoke), pp. 121-36

Braekman, W.L. (1999), 'Notes on Old English Charms III: corn on þa fet', Neophilologus 83, pp. 623-36

    [Parallels to and interpretation of Lacnunga Entry CLIV]

Bragg, M. (1996), Credo (London)

    [Historical novel: pp. 591-3 draw on the Nine Herbs Charm and Æcerbot]

Bremmer, R.H. & L.S. Chardonnens (2001), 'Old English Prognostics: Between the Moon and the Monstrous', in Monsters and the Monstrous in Medieval Northwest Europe, ed. K.E. Olsen & L.A.J.R. Houwen (Leuven, 2001), pp. 153-66

    [p. 166: on the manuscript context of Old English prognostics in relation to charms and medical texts]

Brennessel, B., M.D.C. Drout & R.Gravel (2005), 'A Reassessment of the Efficacy of Anglo-Saxon Medicine', Anglo-Saxon England 34, pp. 183-95

Brown, M.P. (2001), 'Female Book-Ownership and Production in Anglo-Saxon England: the Evidence of the Ninth-Century Prayerbooks'. In Lexis and Texts in Early English: Studies presented to Jane Roberts, ed. C.J. Kay and L.M. Sylvester (Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA), pp. 45-67

Buck, R.A. (2000), 'Women and Language in the Anglo-Saxon Leechbooks', Women and Language 23, pp. 78-91

Bullard, J.D. (2003), 'Introduction to the Omont Fragment: An Ethnobotanical, Ethnomedical Approach' [Online at http://www.northvegr.org/lore/omont/index.php, with colour photographs of the manuscript]

Buzzoni, M. (1996), Il 'genere' incantesimo nella tradizione anglosassone: aspetti semantico-pragmatici e sviluppo diacronico (Florence)

Cavill, P. (1999), Maxims in Old English Poetry (Cambridge, 1999)

    [p. 55: the Nine Herbs Charm's words Ic ana wat ('I alone know') in relation to the Old Englsh God ana wat ('God alone knows') formula: they are unique in occurring in an a-verse and in not having God as their subject]

Chambers, R.W. (1912), Widsith: A Study in Old English Heroic Legend (Cambridge, 1912)

    [pp. 175-6: strophic character of OE charms]

Chand, D. (1999) ed. & trans., The Atharvaveda (New Delhi)

Chardonnens, L.S. (2000), 'A New Edition of the Old English 'Formation of the Foetus', Notes and Queries n.s. 47, pp. 10-11

Chardonnens, L.S. (2007), Anglo-Saxon Prognostics, 900-1100: Study and Texts (Leiden)

Cleene, M. de & M.C. Lejeune (2003), Compendium of Symbolic and Ritual Plants in Europe, 2 vols (Ghent)

Collins, M. (2000), Medieval Herbals: The Illustrative Traditions (London)

Cook, L.C. (1996), 'How Charms Work: a Pragmatic Approach to Old, Middle, and Modern English Charms', PhD dissertation (University of Florida) [DAI 56A (1996): 4378]

Cooke, W. (2003), 'Three Notes on Swords in Beowulf', Medium Aevum 72, pp. 302-7

    ["the 'wuldortanas' ('glory twigs') of the charm [Nine Herbs Charm] are fairly evidently magical healing runes cut by the great runemaster of Hávamál; and it seems likely that the 'atertanas' ('poison twigs') of Beowulf, line 1459 are deadly magical runes etched or scored on the blade of Hrunting."]

Cryer, F.H. & Thomsen, M.-L. (2001), Witchcraft and Magic in Europe, Vol. 1: Biblical and Pagan Societies (London)

Curzan, A. (2003), Gender Shifts in the History of English (Cambridge)

    [On Lacnunga Entry XXII]

D'Aronco, M.A. (1990), 'Dalla magia e dalla medicina empirica alla medicina razionale: il caso dell'Inghilterra anglosassone', in Gli erbari medievali tra scienza simbolo e magia, Testi del VII Colloquio Medievale, Palermo, 5-6 maggio 1988, Scrinium. Quaderni ed estratti di Schede Medievali, 10 (1990), pp. 356-74, 3-24

D'Aronco, M.A. (2000), 'Le conoscenze mediche nell'Inghilterra anglosassone: il ruolo del mondo carolingio', in International Scandinavian and Medieval Studies in Memory of Gerd Wolfgang Weber "ein runder Knäuel, so rollt'es uns leicht aus den Händen", ed. M. Dallapiazza, O. Hansen, P. Meulengracht Sorensen & Y.S. Bonnetain (Trieste), pp. 129-146

D'Aronco M.A. (2005), 'How 'English' is Anglo-Saxon Medicine? The Latin Sources for Anglo-Saxon Medical Texts', in Britannia Latina. Latin in the Culture of Great Britain from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century, ed. C. Burnett & N. Mann (London), pp. 27-41

Davies, O. (1997), 'Cunning-Folk in England and Wales during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries', Rural History 8, pp. 93-109

Davies, O. (2003), Cunning-Folk: Popular Magic in English History (Hambledon)

Davis, A.B. (1993), 'Language as Affective Medium and as Modelling System: Anglo-Saxon Script Charms and the Condition of Magic', in Schriftlichkeit im frühen Mittelalter, ed. U. Schaefer (Tübingen), pp. 127-54

Dendle, P. (2001), 'Lupines, Manganese, and Devil-Sickness: An Anglo-Saxon Medical Response to Epilepsy', Bulletin of the History of Medicine 75, pp. 91-101

Dendle, P. (2001), Satan Unbound: The Devil in Old English Narrative Literature (Toronto, 2001)

Dendle, P. (2006) 'Textual Transmission of the Old English "Loss of Cattle" Charm', JEGP 105 (2006), pp. 514-39

Dickinson, T. (1993), 'An Anglo-Saxon 'Cunning Woman' from Bidford-on-Avon, Warwickshire', in In Search of Cult: Archaeological Investigations in Honour of Philip Rahtz, ed. M. Carver (Woodbridge), pp. 45-54

    [Reprinted, with a revised introduction, in C.E. Karkov (1999) ed., The Archaeology of Anglo-Saxon England: Basic Readings (New York), pp. 359-73]

Dockray-Millar, M. (2000), Motherhood and Mothering in Anglo-Saxon England (New York)

Duffy, E. (2005), The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England 1400-1580, 2nd edn (New Haven)

    [Chapter 8: Charms, Pardons, and Promises: Lay Piety and Superstition in the Primers]

Easting, R. (2001), 'A Neglected Pair of Charms for Monastic Travellers, in Middle English and Anglo-Norman', Notes and Queries 48, pp. 103-105

Ellis, P.B. (1994), The Druids (London)

    [pp. 212-20: druids as physicians]

Falileyev, A. & M.E. Owen (2005), The Leiden Leechbook: A Study of the Earliest Neo-Brittonic Medical Compilation (Innsbruck)

Filotas, B. (2005), Pagan Survivals, Superstitions and Popular Cultures in Early Medieval Pastoral Literature (Toronto)

Flint, V. et al. (1999) eds., Witchcraft and Magic in Europe: Ancient Greece and Rome (London)

Forest-Hill, L. (2002), 'The Nine Herbs Charm', Mallorn: The Journal of the Tolkien Society 40, pp. 3-6

Fortson, B.W. IV (2004), Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction (Malden, MA)

    [pp. 25-6: brief remarks on magic in the ancient Indo-European world; pp. 26-7 remarks on the Indo-European dragon-slaying myth (perhaps relevant to the Nine Herbs Charm); pp. 325-6 text, translation and word-by-word gloss to the OHG Second Merseburg Charm]

Frankis, J. (2000), 'Sidelights on Post-Conquest Canterbury: Towards a Context for an Old Norse Runic Charm (DR 419)', Nottingham Medieval Studies 44, pp. 1-27

Fulk, R.D. (2002), 'Myth in Historical Perspective: The Case of Pagan Deities in the Anglo-Saxon Royal Genealogies', in Myth: A New Symposium, ed. G. Schrempp & W. Hansen (Bloomington), pp. 225-39

    [p. 237 n. 13: Woden in the Nine Herbs Charm]

Fulk, R.D. & C.M. Cain (2003), A History of Old English Literature (Malden, MA)

Garner, L.A. (2004), 'Anglo-Saxon Charms in Performance', Oral Tradition 19, pp. 20-42

Getz, F. (1998), Medicine in the English Middle Ages (Princeton, NJ)

Gibbs, M.E. & S.M. Johnson (1997), Medieval German Literature (repr. New York, 2000)

    [Includes information on the OHG Merseburg Charms]

Glaze, F.E. (1999), 'The Perforated Wall: The Ownership and Circulation of Medical Books in Medieval Europe, ca. 800-1200', Ph.D dissertation (Duke University)

Glosecki, S.O. (1986), 'Wolf Dancers and Whispering Beasts: Shamanic Motifs from Sutton Hoo?', Mankind Quarterly 26, pp. 305-19

Glosecki, S.O. (1988), 'Wolf of the Bees: Germanic Shamanism and the Bear Hero', Journal of Ritual Studies 2 (1), pp. 31-53

Glosecki, S.O. (2000), 'Blow these vipers from me': Mythic Magic in The Nine Herbs Charm", in Essays on Old, Middle, Modern English and Old Icelandic, ed. L.C. Gruber, M.C. Gruber and G.K. Jember (Edwin Mellen Press), pp. 91-123

Gneuss, H. (2001), Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts: A List of Manuscripts and Manuscript Fragments Written or Owned in England up to 1100 (Tempe, Arizona)

Green, M.H., 'Female Religious Institutions Owning Medical Books' (part of 'Monastic Matrix: A scholarly resource for the study of women's religious communities from 400 to 1600 CE'): http://monasticmatrix.usc.edu/commentaria/article.php?textId=11

Green, M. (1989), 'Women's Medical Practice and Healthcare in Medieval Europe', in Sisters and Workers in the Middle Ages, ed. J.M. Bennett, et al. (Chicago)

Green, M. (1994), 'Documenting Medieval Women's Medical Practice', in Practical Medicine from Salerno to the Black Death, ed. L. Garcia-Ballester et al. (Cambridge), pp. 322-52

Griffith, R.T.H. (1985) trans., Hymns of the Atharvaveda, rev. and enlarged edn (New Delhi)

Griffiths, B. (1996), Saxon Voices: Old English Readings (np: Runetree Press)

    [An audio cassette; includes the Æcerbot ritual (instructions spoken in modern English, verse in Old English]

Grigsby, J. (2005), Beowulf & Grendel: The Truth Behind England's Oldest Myth (London)

    [Chapter 9 includes remarks on elves and Wið færstice, e.g. p. 108, 'the use of the charm seems akin to the modern technique of 'visualization''. Also, p. 182, asserts that this charm draws on the imagery of Odin casting his spear against the Vanir (cf. the Old Norse Völuspá): the healer's retaliatory spear-cast 'is the act of a god'.]

Hall, A.T.P. (2004), 'The Meanings of Elf and Elves in Medieval England', Ph.D dissertation (University of Glasgow)

Hall, A.[T.P.] (2005), ''Calling the Shots: The Old English Remedy Gif hors ofscoten sie and Anglo-Saxon 'Elf-Shot'', Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 106, pp. 195-209

Hall, A.[T.P.] (2006), 'Are There Any Elves in Anglo-Saxon Place-Names?', Nomina: Journal of the Society for Name Studies in Britain and Ireland 29, pp. 61-80

Hall, A.[T.P.] (2007), 'The Evidence for maran, the Anglo-Saxon "Nightmares"', Neophilologus, 91, pp. 299-317

Hall, A.[T.P.] (2007), Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity (Woodbridge, 2007)

Harte, J. (1998), 'Medieval Fairies: Now You See Them, Now You Don't', At the Edge 10

[Online at http://www.indigogroup.co.uk/edge/]

Hayes, D.M., 'Pregnancy and Childbirth in Anglo-Saxon England', http://www.medievalmaternity.org/anglosaxon/splash.htm]

Herren, M.W. (1990), 'The Stress System of the Hiberno-Latin Hendecasyllable', Celtica 21, pp. 223-30

    [On the Lorica of Laidcenn]

Herren, M.W. (1998), 'Scholarly Contacts Between the Irish and the Southern English in the Seventh Century', Peritia 12, pp. 24-53

    [On the Lorica of Laidcenn]

Hill, T.D. (2002), 'The Old English Dough Riddle and the Power of Women's Magic: The Traditional Context of Exeter Book Riddle 45', in Via Crucis: Essays on Early Medieval Sources and Ideas in Memory of J. E. Cross, ed. T.N. Hall (Morgantown, WV), pp. 50-60

Hill, T.D. (1993), 'The Foreseen Wolf and the Path of Wisdom: Proverbial and Beast Lore in Atlakviða', Neophilologus 77, pp. 675-7

    [Relevant to the OE charm Gif þu gesyxt wulfes spor ær þonne hine ... ('If you see a wolf's trace before (you see) him ...')]

Hill, T.D. (2005), 'The 'Palmtwigede' Pater Noster: Horticultural Semantics and the Old English Solomon and Saturn I', Medium Ævum 74, pp. 1-9

Hines, J. (1997), 'Religion: The Limits of Knowledge' in The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration Period to the Eighth Century: An Ethnographic Perspective, ed. J. Hines (Woodbridge), pp. 375-401

    [Woden in the Nine Herbs Charm]

Hinton, D.A. (1998), Anglo-Saxon Smiths and Myths, Toller Memorial Lecture (Manchester)

    [Relevant to Wið færstice, which is referred to on p. 16]

Hollis, S. (2001), 'Scientific and Medical Writings', in A Companion to Anglo-Saxon Literature, ed. P. Pulsiano & E. Treharne (Oxford), pp. 188-208

Holton, F.S. (1993), 'Literary Tradition and the Old English Bee Charm', Journal of Indo-European Studies 21, pp. 37-53

Horden, P. (2000), 'The Millennium Bug: Health and Medicine around the Year 1000', Social History of Medicine 13:2, pp. 201-219

Horn, P.C. (1998), 'The Nine Sacred Herbs of the Anglo-Saxons', in the Geferena Handboc of Þa Engliscan Gesiðas ('Members' Handbook' of The English Companions) (London)

    [Analysis of the plants in the Nine Herbs Charm. Identifies stune or lombes cyrse as 'cornsalad' (Valerianella locusta), a native plant that grows well on dry banks or rocks, and which for many years was known as 'Lamb's lettuce'.]

Horn, P.C. (2006), 'What Plant was Ælfþone?', Wiþowinde: Journal of the English Companions 140, pp. 30-32.

Howlett, D. (1995), 'Five Experiments in Textual Reconstruction and Analysis', Peritia 9, pp. 1-50

    [Edition of the Lorica of Laidcenn]

Howlett, D. (1995), 'Insular Latin Idama, Iduma', Peritia 9, pp. 72-80

    [On the Lorica of Laidcenn]

Howlett, D. (1996) 'Rubisca: An Edition, Translation, and Commentary', Peritia 10, pp. 71-90

Howlett, D. (1996), 'Seven Studies in Seventh-Century Texts', Peritia 10, pp. 1-70

    [On the Lorica of Laidcenn]

Howlett, D. (1997), 'Israelite Learning in Insular Latin', Peritia 11, pp. 117-52

    [On the Lorica of Laidcenn]

Howlett, D. (1999), 'More Israelite Learning in Insular Latin', Peritia 13, pp. 135-41

    [On the Lorica of Laidcenn]

Illes, J. (2004), The Element Encyclopedia of 5000 Spells (London)

    [Includes Lacnunga's 'woman's charms' on pp. 840-1, and, on p. 544, an abrakala spell]

Ireland, C.A. (1999) ed. & trans., Old Irish Wisdom Attributed to Aldfrith of Northumbria: an Edition of 'Bríathra Flainn Fhína maic Ossu' (Tempe, Arizona)

Jackson, P. (2004), 'Hanging Down by Means of Speech: Gesture and Memory in the Exegesis of Religion': http://www.semioticon.com/virtuals/jackson.pdf

    [Nine Herbs Charm]

Jackson, P. (2005), 'Retracing the Path: Gesture, Memory, and the Exegesis of Tradition', History of Religions 45, pp. 1-28

    [Nine Herbs Charm]

Johnson, N.J. & R.J. Wallis (2005), Galdrbok: Practical Heathen Runecraft, Shamanism and Magic, revised & expanded edition (London)

    [pp. 127-9 discuss the Nine Herbs Charm, and suggest that the nine glorious twigs are birch-twigs (but the beorc they compare in the Old English Rune Poem is thought to be the grey poplar, not the birch; see T.A. Shippey, Poems of Wisdom and Learning in Old English, pp. 135-6)]

Jolly, K.L., 'Charms, Old English (600 (?)-1100)', in The Literary Encyclopedia: http://www.litencyc.com

Jolly, K., C. Raudvere & E. Peters (2002) eds, Witchcraft and Magic in Europe: The Middle Ages (London)

    [Includes C. Raudvere, 'Trolldómr in Early Medieval Scandinavia', pp. 73-171]

Jongeboer, H. (1984), 'Der Lorscher Bienensegen und der ags. Charm 'Wið ymbe', Amsterdamer Beiträge zur Älteren Germanistik 21, pp. 63-70

Kershaw, K. (2000), The One-Eyed God: Odin and the (Indo-)Germanic Männerbunde (Washington, D.C.)

    [On the Wild Hunt (cf. the metrical charm Wið færstice); also pp. 210-11 n. 2 on Woden as healer in the Nine Herbs Charm and elsewhere]

Kieckhefer, R. (1994), 'The Specific Rationality of Medieval Magic', American Historical Review 99, pp. 813-36

Knight, K. (2002), 'A Precious Medicine: Tradition and Magic in Some Seventeenth-Century Household Remedies', Folklore 113, pp. 237-247

Kõiva, M. (December 1998), 'Palindromes and Letter Formulae: Some Reconsiderations', Folklore (Folklore Department of the Institute of the Estonian Language) 8, pp. 21-50

Koppana, K.M. (2003), Snake Fat and Knotted Threads: An Introduction to Traditional Finnish Healing Magic (Wymeswold, Loughborough)

Kropej, M. (October 2003), 'Charms in the Context of Magic Practice. The Case of Slovenia', Folklore (Folklore Department of the Institute of the Estonian Language) 24, pp. 62-77

Laity, K.A. (March 2001), 'Against a Swarm of Bees: Anglo-Saxon Charm', The Seeker Journal 13.3, p. 11

Laity, K.A. (July 2001), 'Anglo-Saxon Charm against a Wen', The Seeker Journal 13.5, pp. 18-19

Laity, K.A. (February 2001), 'Erce: Earth Goddess', The Seeker Journal 13.2, pp. 12-13

Lapidge, M. (1992), 'Artistic and Literary Patronage in Anglo-Saxon England', Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di Studi sull'alto medioevo 39, pp. 137-91

    [repr. in M. Lapidge, Anglo-Latin Literature 600-899 (London), pp. 37-91 (pp. 86-7 on colophon to Bald's Leechbook)]

Larsen, M. & P.T. Caller (1993), 'Oral-Literate Continuum: an Initial Approach', in Papers from the IVth International Conference of the Spanish Society for Medieval English Language and Literature, ed. T.F. Lema (Santiago de Compostela), pp. 165-74

Lecouteux, C. (1985), 'Hagazussa — Striga — Hexe', Hessische Blätter für Volks- und Kulturforschung n.f. 18, pp. 57-70

Lecouteux, C. (1996), Charmes, conjurations et bénédictions: Lexique et formules (Paris)

    [A short A-to-Z guide]

Liberman, A. (2002), 'Gothic þrutsfill, Old English þrustfell 'leprosy', and the Names of Some Other Skin Diseases in Germanic', in Germanisches Altertum und christliches Mittelalter: Festschrift für Heinz Klingenberg zum 65. Geburtstag, ed. B. Brogyanyi & T. Krömmelbein (Hamburg), pp. ???

Lief, S. (1996), 'The Rhythm of Germanic Magic Spells', Matheliende 3, n.2

Lindahl, C., J. McNamara & J. Lindow (2002) eds, Medieval Folklore: A Guide to Myths, Legends, Tales, Beliefs, and Customs (Oxford)

Lindow, J. (1988), 'Addressing Thor', Scandinavian Studies 60, pp. 119-36

    [On pagan prayers to Thor]

Liuzza, R.M. (2001), 'Anglo-Saxon Prognostics in Context: a Survey and Handlist of Manuscripts', Anglo-Saxon England 30, pp. 181-230

Looijenga, T. (2003), Texts and Contexts of the Oldest Runic Inscriptions (Leiden)

McIlwain, J.T. (2004), 'Does OE ex for 'brain' Lie behind an Instance of eaxl in Leechbook III?' Notes and Queries 51, pp. 339-341

McIlwain, J.T. (2006), 'The Condition Called neurisn in Leechbook I', Notes and Queries 53, pp. 142-4

McKinnell, J. & R. Simek, with K. Düwel (2004), Runes, Magic and Religion. A Sourcebook (Wien)

MacLeod, M. & B. Mees (2006), Runic Amulets and Magic Objects (Woodbridge)

Magennis, H. (1999), Anglo-Saxon Appetites: Food and Drink and Their Consumption in Old English and Related Literature (Dublin)

Major, C.T. (1995), 'The Anglo-Saxon Charms: An Oblique View of Germanic Culture', Matheliende 2, n.2

Marsh, M.S. (2004), 'Magic and Religion in Barbarian Europe', Journal of Germanic Mythology and Folklore 1, pp. 59-76

Mathieu, A. (1999a), 'Plantes combattantes et héros guérisseurs dans le charme vieil-anglais des «Neuf Plantes »', in L'articulation langue-littérature dans les textes médiévaux anglais, I. Actes du colloque des 18 et 19 juin 1998 à l'Université de Nancy II, ed. C. Stévanovitch (Nancy), pp. 151-74 [GRENDEL (Groupe de Recherches et d'Etudes Nancéien sur la Diachronie et sur l'Emergence de la Littérature anglaise) no. 2)

Mathieu, A. (1999b), 'La poésie au service de la magie: à propos de deux charmes métriques de l'Angleterre anglo-saxonne', in L'articulation langue-littérature dans les textes médiévaux anglais, II. Actes du colloque des 25 et 26 juin 1999 à l'Université de Nancy II, ed. C. Stévanovitch (Nancy), pp. 71-91 (GRENDEL no. 3)

Maxwell-Stuart, P.G. (2005), The Occult in Mediaeval Europe (Basingstoke)

Meaney, A.[L.] (2000), 'The Practice of Medicine in England about the Year 1000', Social History of Medicine 13 no. 2, pp. 221-37

Meaney, A.L. (2004), 'And we forbeodað ælcne hæðenscipe: Wulfstan and Late Anglo-Saxon and Norse Heathenism', in Wulfstan, Archbishop of York: Proceedings of the Second Alcuin Conference, ed. M. Townend, pp. 461-500

Meaney, A.L. (2006), "Old English Legal and Penitential Penalties for 'Heathenism'". in Anglo-Saxons: Studies Presented to Cyril Roy Hart, ed. S. Keynes & A.P. Smyth (Dublin), pp. 127-58

Medicina Antiqua: Codex Vindobonensis 93 Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, with introduction by P.M. Jones (London, 1999)

Mitchell, S. (1998), 'Anaphrodisiac Charms in the Nordic Middle Ages: Impotence, Infertility and Magic', Norveg 41 (1998), pp. 19-42

Mizuno, T. (1999), 'The Magical Necklace and the Fatal Corslet in Beowulf', English Studies 80, pp. 377-97

Morgan, G.A. (2001), Anglo-Saxon Poetry in Imitative Translation: The Harp and the Cross (Edwin Mellen Press, 2001)

Motz, L. (1994), 'The Magician and his Craft', Collegium Medievale 7, pp. 5-31

Murdoch, B. (1989), 'Peri hieres nousou: An Approach to the Old High German Medical Charms', in Mit regulu bithungan, ed. J.L. Flood & D.N. Yeandle (Göppingen), pp. 142-60

Murdoch, B. (1991), '''Drohtin, uuerthe so!': Funktionsweisen der altdeutschen Zauberspruche'', Literaturwissenschaftliches Jahrbuch 42, pp. 11-37

Murray, A. (1992), 'Missionaries and Magic in Dark-Age Europe', Past and Present 136 (1992), pp. 186-205

Murthy, S.S.N. (2005), 'Number Symbolism in the Vedas', Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies 12 (3), pp. 87-99

    [pp. 90-91: 'The gods in Vedas are stated to be 33 in number and is [sic] several times expressed as 'thrice eleven' and a few times as 30 + 3'. The Rudras also number thirty-three (pp. 91-2). Cf. 'against three and against thirty' in the Nine Herbs Charm]

Násström, B.-M. (2000), 'Healing Hands and Magical Spells', in G. Barnes & M. Clunies Ross eds., Old Norse Myths, Literature and Society: Proceedings of the 11th International Saga Conference 2-7 July 2000, University of Sydney (Sydney, 2000) pp. 356-62

Nash, W. (2006), A Departed Music: Readings in Anglo-Saxon Poetry (Anglo-Saxon Books)

    [Includes text of Wið færstice, with notes]

Naveh, J. & S. Shaked (1998), Amulets and Magic Bowls: Aramaic Incantations of Late Antiquity, 3rd edn (Jerusalem)

Neuman de Vegvar, C. (1991), 'Images of Women in Anglo-Saxon Art, II: Midwifery in Harley 603', Old English Newsletter 25 (1991), pp. 54-56

Neville, J. (1999), Representations of the Natural World in Old English Poetry (Cambridge)

    [Includes discussion of Lacnunga charms.]

Nokes, R.S. (2002), 'The Old English Charms and their Manuscript Context: British Library, Royal 12 D.xvii and British Library Harley 585', Ph.D. dissertation (Wayne State University)

    [A study of the major Old English charm manuscripts, reinterpreting the charms on the basis of their individual manuscript contexts.]

Nokes, R.S. (2002), 'The Old English Charms and King Alfred's Court,' Medieval English Studies, pp. 91-3 [See also http://www.sogang.ac.kr./~anthony/mesak/mes101/Nokes.htm]

Nokes, R.S. (2004), 'The Several Compilers of Bald's Leechbook', Anglo-Saxon England 33, pp. 51-76

Nokes, R.S. (2004), 'Borroughs Wellcome & Co., the American Medical Association and Anglo-Saxon Leechcraft: Popular Study of Anglo-Saxon Remedies in the Early Twentieth Century', Old English Newsletter 37, no. 3, pp. 38-43

Nokes, R.S. (forthcoming in 2007), 'Charms (Anglo-Saxon)', in Companion to Pre-1600 British Poetry, ed. M.M. Sauer (New York: Facts on File)

North, R. (1990), 'The Pagan Inheritance of Egill's Sonatorrek', in Poetry in the Scandinavian Middle Ages, ed. T. Pàroli, pp. 147-67

    [p. 164: '''Purges' is the best sense for wreceð here [in the Nine Herbs Charm], in apposition to weorpeð ut''.]

Ó Broin, B.É. (1994), 'A Comparative Study of the Defence Charms, Incantations, and Loricae of Early Medieval Ireland and England', M.Phil. dissertation (National University of Ireland, Cork)

Ó hÓgáin, D. (1999), The Sacred Isle: Belief and Religion in Pre-Christian Ireland (Woodbridge)

    [pp. 78-87: on druidic charms, magic and healing]

Ohlgren, T. H. (1988), 'The Pagan Iconography of Christian Ideas: Tree Lore in Anglo-Viking England', Mediaevistik 1, pp. 145-73

Oliver, L. (1998), 'Irish Influence on Orthographic Practice in Early Kent', North-West European Language Evolution (NOWELE) 33, pp. 93-113

O'Loughlin, T. (2000), Celtic Theology: Humanity, World and God in Early Irish Writings (London)

    [Includes chapters on penitentials, the Stowe Missal and litanies]

Olsan, L. (1999), 'The Inscription of Charms in Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts', Oral Tradition 14, pp. 401-19

Opie, I. & P. Opie (1959), The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren (rpt. New York, 2001)

Orchard, N. (2002) ed., The Leofric Missal, 2 vols. (London)

Orton, P. (2003), 'Sticks or Stones? The Story of Imma in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 41 of the Old English Bede, and Old English Tán ('Twig')', Medium Aevum 72, pp. 1-12

    [New evidence arising from textual analysis of the Old English translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History that OE tanas might mean 'inscribed twigs'. On pp. 6-7 Orton refers to the wuldortanas of the Nine Herbs Charm and provides support for the view that each wuldortan was inscribed with a rune.]

Page, R.I. (2001), 'The Provenance of the Lancashire Runic Ring', Notes and Queries 48, pp. 217-219

Perry, S.P. (2001), 'A Question of Voice and an Examination of An-Other in the Lacnunga: A Rhetorical Recovery', Ph.D dissertation (Texas Woman's University)

Pettit, E. (2000), 'Some Anglo-Saxon Charms', in Essays on Anglo-Saxon and Related Themes in Memory of Lynne Grundy, ed. J. Roberts & J. Nelson (London), pp. 411-33

    [Editions, with commentary, of early English charms from Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Auct. F. 3. 6 and British Library MS Royal 12. E. XX.]

Pettit, E. (2002), 'J.R.R. Tolkien's Use of an Old English Charm', Mallorn: The Journal of the Tolkien Society 40, pp. 39-44

    [Argues for the influence of Lacnunga's metrical charm Wið færstice ('Against a stabbing pain') on the stabbing and partial cure of Frodo in The Lord of the Rings.]

Pettit, E. (2004), 'Treebeard's Roots in Medieval European Tradition', Mallorn: The Journal of the Tolkien Society 42, pp. 11-18 [addendum forthcoming in Amon Hen or Mallorn]

    [Includes observations on the Nine Herbs Charm.]

Pollington, S. (1997), Ærgeweorc: Old English Verse and Prose (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, Norfolk)

    [Audio cassette: readings of OE texts, including the Nine Herbs Charm, the metrical charm Wið dweorh and other remedies. Published by Anglo-Saxon Books.]

Pollington, S. (2000), Leechcraft: Early English Charms, Plantlore, and Healing (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, Norfolk)

    [Includes texts and translations of the Lacnunga, Old English Herbarium and Leechbook III]

Pollington, S. (2002), The English Warrior From Earliest Times Till 1066 (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, Norfolk)

Pratt, D. (2001), 'The Illnesses of King Alfred the Great', Anglo-Saxon England 30, pp. 39-90

Price, N.S. (2002), The Viking Way: Religion and War in Late Iron Age Scandinavia (Uppsala)

    [A mine of fascinating information on early Scandinavian magic. Old English charms are referred to on pp. 352-4, with text and translation of Wið færstice]

Rauer, C. (2000), Beowulf and the Dragon: Parallels and Analogues (Cambridge)

    [pp. 50, 120 n. 135 on the Nine Herbs Charm]

Richardson, J. (2001), 'Hlude wæron hy: Syncretic Christianity in the Old English Charm Wið Færstice', Mankind Quarterly 42, pp. 21-45

Rider, C. (2006), Magic and Impotence in the Middle Ages (Oxford)

Roberts, J. (2005), Guide to Scripts used in English Writings up to 1500 (London)

    [Includes analysis of the script of the Old English Herbarium in BL MS Cotton Vitellius C. iii]

Robinson, F.C. (2001), 'Secular Poetry', in A Companion to Anglo-Saxon Literature, ed. P. Pulsiano & E. Treharne (Oxford), pp. 281-295

Rodrigues, L.J. (2000), Out Little Spear...!

Roper, J. (1997), 'Traditional Verbal Charms, with Particular Reference to the Estonian and English Charm-Traditions', M.A. dissertation, University of Sheffield

Roper, J. (December 1998), 'Charms, Change and Memory: Some Principles Underlying Variation', Folklore (Folklore Department of the Institute of the Estonian Language) 9, pp. 51-70 [Online at http://haldjas.folklore.ee/folklore/]

Roper, J. (October 2003), 'Towards a Poetics, Rhetorics and Proxemics of Verbal Charms', Folklore (Folklore Department of the Institute of the Estonian Language) 24, pp. 8-49 [Online at http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol24/]

Roper, J. (October 2003), 'English Orature, English Literature: The Case of Charms', Folklore (Folklore Department of the Institute of the Estonian Language) 24, pp. 50-61 [Online at http://www.folklore.ee/folklore/vol24/]

Roper, J. (2004) ed., Charms and Charming in Europe (Basingstoke)

Roper, J. (2005), English Verbal Charms, Folklore Fellows Communications 136, no. 288 (Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica) [not seen]

Rothenberg, J. (?), From a Shaman's Notebook: Primitive and Archaic Poetry, Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage (Audio CD: Folkways Records)

[Includes recitations of English translations of the Nine Herbs Charm and Wið færstice; for samples, visit http://www.smithsonianglobalsound.org/trackdetail.aspx?itemid=31199]

Roud, S. (2003), The Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Britain and Ireland (London)

Rubin, S. (2003), 'The Anglo Saxon Physician', Medieval History Magazine 3, pp. 16-21

Ruggerini, M.E. (2001), 'St Michael and the Dragon from Scripture to Hagiography', in Monsters and the Monstrous in Medieval Northwest Europe, ed. K.E. Olsen & L.A.J.R. Houwen (Leuven, 2001), pp. 23-58

    [pp. 50-51: Nine Herbs Charm]

Rust, M.D. (2000), "The Art of Beekeeping Meets the Arts of Grammar: a Gloss of 'Columcille's Circle'", Philological Quarterly 78, pp. 359-87

Samúelsson, S. (199?), Sjúkdómar og dauðamein í hnotskurn hugvísinda (Reykjavík)

Sanburn, K.E., 'The Indexing of Medieval Women: The Feminine Tradition of Medical Wisdom in Anglo-Saxon England and the Metrical Charms,' M.A. dissertation (Florida State University College of Arts and Sciences, 2003)

Savage-Smith, E., & P. Horden (2000), 'Symposium on Medical Practice around the Year 1000', Social History of Medicine 14:3. pp. 387-388.

Savelli, M. (2002), Tastes of Anglo-Saxon England (Hockwold cum Wilton, Norfolk)

Schleissner, M.R. (1995) ed., Manuscript Sources of Medieval Medicine: A Book of Essays (New York)

Selmer, C. (1952), 'An Unpublished Old High German Blood Charm', Journal of English and Germanic Philology 51, pp. 345-54

Shippey, T. (2005), 'Alias Oves Habeo: The Elves as a Category Problem', in The Shadow-Walkers: Jacob Grimm's Mythology of the Monstrous, ed. T. Shippey (Turnhout, 2005), pp. 157-87

Simpson, J. & S. Roud (2000), Dictionary of English Folklore (Oxford)

Sinner, S. (2003), 'Some Comments on Indo-European and Near Eastern Cultural and Mythological Interaction with Reference to H. G. Grattan and Charles Singer, Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine. Illustrated specially from the semi-pagan text 'Lacnunga.' Folcroft, Pa.: Folcroft Library Editions, 1971''

Sivier, D. (2005), 'The Assembly of the Mound: Walter Map and the Origins of the Wild Hunt', Northern Earth 101, pp. 15-22

    [Relevant to Wið færstice]

Skemer, D.C. (2006), Binding Words: Textual Amulets in the Middle Ages (Pennsylvania)

Slade, B., 'Beowulf on Steorarume (Beowulf in Cyberspace)', http://www.heorot.dk/

    [Includes electronic texts, translations and commentary on the Nine Herbs Charm and Wið° færstice]

Solli, B. (1999), 'Holy White Stones. Remains of Fertility Cult in Norway', in Volker an Nord- and Ostsee und die Franken, Aktens des 48, Sachsensymposiums in Mannheim vom 7. bis 11. September 1997, ed. U. von Freeden, U. Koch & A. Wieczorek, pp. 99-106

Stanley, E.G. (2000), Imagining the Anglo-Saxon Past: The Search for Anglo-Saxon Paganism and Anglo-Saxon Trial by Jury (Woodbridge, Suffolk)

Stanton, R. (2002), The Culture of Translation in Anglo-Saxon England (Cambridge)

Stephenson, I.P. (2002), The Anglo-Saxon Shield (Stroud, Gloucestershire)

    [Relevant to Wið færstice]

Stevenson, J. (1992), 'Christianity in Sixth- and Seventh-Century Southumbria', in The Age of Sutton Hoo: The Seventh Century in North-Western Europe, ed. M.O.H. Carver (Woodbridge, Suffolk), pp. 175-83

Taavitsainen, I. & P. Pahta (2004) eds., Medical and Scientific Writing in Late Medieval English (Cambridge)

Taylor, P.B. (1998), Sharing Story: Medieval Norse-English Literary Relationships (New York)

    [Includes 'Vestiges of Germanic Ritual Charms in Beowulf', pp. 79-90 (with remarks on the Nine Herbs Charm's wuldortanas on pp. 81-2, and on Wið færstice on p. 85; 'Norse Story in The Canterbury Tales', pp. 233-44 (p. 235: ''the popular form of runes known as 'twig-rune' are alluded to in connection with Óðin in the only poetic appearance of his name in Old English, the so-called 'Nine Herbs Charm' in MS Harley 585'')]

Thompson, C.W. (1978), 'The Runes in Bósa Saga ok Herrauðs', Scandinavian Studies 50, pp. 50-56

    [Includes remarks on rhyming 'nonsense' formulas: though some probably had meaning at some point, (p. 54) 'Most of these rhyming formulas probably never had any linguistic meaning at all. Their ultimate origin should perhaps be sought in the practice of glossolalia, or ''speaking in tongues,'' and it is usually fruitless to try to interpret them.']

Thompson, V. (2004), Dying and Death in Later Anglo-Saxon England (Woodbridge)

Tolley, C. (1996), 'Heimdallr and the Myth of the Brísingamen in Húsdrápa', TijdSchrift voor Skandinavistiek 17, pp. 83-98

    [p. 93: '... in the Old English Nine Herbs Charm lines 27-8 ... the seal appears as the bearer of a healing herb; hence the possibility exists of a Germanic concept of the animal as in some way life-giving, and of life coming from the sea.']

Toporova, T.V. (1997), 'Indoevropeiskie paralleli drevne-germanskikh zagovorov', Voprosy Iazykoznaniia, pp. 142-9

    [Indo-European parallels of early Germanic exorcisms]

Voigts, L.E. & Kurtz, P.D. (2000), Scientific and Medical Writings in Old and Middle English: An Electronic Reference (Ann Arbor)

    [CD-ROM]

Wallis, R.J. (2003), Shamans/Neo-Shamans: Ecstasy, Alternative Archaeologies and Contemporary Pagans (London)

Watkins, C. (1995), How to Kill a Dragon: Aspects of Indo-European Poetics (repr. Oxford, 2001)

    [part IV, chapter 43.2 'Applied myth as charm' (pp. 424-8) has important analysis of the myth of Woden and the wyrm in the Nine Herbs Charm; part VII: 'From Myth to Charm']

Westwood, J. (1987), Albion: A Guide to Legendary Britain (repr. London, 1992)

Williams, H. (2001), 'An Ideology of Transformation: Cremation Rites and Animal Sacrifice in Early Anglo-Saxon England', in The Archaeology of Shamanism, ed. N.S. Price (London), pp. 193-212

    [p. 205 refers to Wið færstice]

Wilson, S. (2000), The Magical Universe: Everyday Ritual and Magic in Pre-Modern Europe (Hambledon)

Wódening, E.L., 'Two Charms Against Dwarves', http://wodening.ealdriht.org/eric/dwarf.html

Wright, M.J. (1998), 'Anglo-Saxon Midwives', American Notes and Queries 11, pp. 3-5

Yorke, B. (2006), The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c.600-800 (Harlow)

    [esp. the section on "Christian 'magic': medicine and protection", pp. 248-56]

Zeiten, M.K. (1998), 'Amulets and Amulet Use in Viking Age Denmark', Acta Archaeologia (Copenhagen) 68, pp. 1-74

Zysk, K.G. (1998), Medicine in the Veda: Religious Healing in the Veda with translations and annotations of medical hymns from the Rgveda and the Atharvaveda and renderings from the corresponding ritual texts (Delhi)

    [Includes remarks on Germanic charms]
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